ROME Pope Francis has decided not to renew the expiring term of Vatican doctrinal chief Cardinal Gerhard Muller, choosing instead to replace the German prelate with his deputy, a Spanish Jesuit theologian known for keeping a relatively low public profile.
The pontiff has appointed Archbishop Luis Ladaria, 73, as
the new prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He had
previously served as the office's secretary.
A Vatican statement announcing the appointment Saturday did
not say whether Muller would be receiving a new role. At 69 years old he is six
years away from the traditional retirement age for bishops. It is unusual for a
cardinal of that age not to have an official posting.
The Vatican statement simply said the pope thanked Muller for
his service at the conclusion of his five-year term as prefect, with began with
his appointment by former Pope Benedict XVI on July 2, 2012.
Saturday's announcement had been highly anticipated over the
past day, as rumors began to circulate that Muller would be leaving his
position following a meeting the cardinal had Friday with Francis.
The pope's choice of Ladaria, who has served at the
doctrinal congregation since his own appointment by Benedict in 2008, seems to
signify that Francis did not want a radical shake-up at the Vatican office, but
simply a change in personnel.
Prior to his appointment at the Vatican, Ladaria had taught
at the Pontifical Gregorian University and served as its vice-rector. From
2004-2009 he was the secretary general of the International Theological
Commission.
The archbishop is also the president of the new papal
commission studying the possibility of women deacons in the church, being appointed
to that role by Francis last August.
Before becoming the head of the doctrinal congregation,
Muller had served for ten years as the bishop of the southeastern German
diocese of Regensburg. He is known to be close to Benedict, who studied and
taught at the University of Regensburg prior to becoming a bishop.
But Muller and Francis never appeared to develop an
especially warm relationship. Most recently, the cardinal has been inconsistent
about his position regarding the teaching authority of Francis' exhortation on
family life, Amoris Laetitia ("The Joy of the Family.")
After four cardinals publicly challenged Francis last
November to answer questions about what they see as inconsistencies in the
document, Muller said in January that the exhortation was "very
clear" and that cardinals should not challenge the pope publicly.
But the cardinal appeared to contradict Francis' teaching in
the document in a May interview with EWTN. Asked about the possibility of the
church giving Communion to those who have remarried without first receiving
annulments, the cardinal stated: "We don't accept polygamy."
In Amoris Laetitia Francis asked pastors to use pastoral
discernment in such cases and said that in some instances such discernment
"can include the help of the sacraments." The pope has also praised a
set of guidelines issued by Argentine bishops that said divorced and civilly
remarried couples might eventually be allowed to receive Communion.
Muller was also publicly questioned in recent months over
his willingness to implement recommendations of the new papal commission on
clergy sexual abuse, even in instances when Francis had approved them.
When Irish abuse survivor Marie Collins resigned March 1
from the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, she noted in a
statement to NCR that Francis' order for the creation of a new Vatican tribunal
to judge bishops who mishandled abuse cases was found by Muller's congregation
to have "legal" difficulties and was never created.
Collins also noted that an order approved by Francis
requiring all Vatican offices to respond to letters from abuse victims was not
implemented by at least one congregation.
In a March 5 interview, Muller appeared to admit that his
congregation was among those that ignored that papal order, saying that if the
Vatican to responded to victims' letters it would not respect the role of
diocesan bishops in such matters.
Muller also appears not to agree with Francis' decision to
create the commission studying the possibility of women deacons. He said in the
May EWTN interview that it is "not possible" for women to be ordained
to the diaconate and that female deacons "will not come."
This breaking news story is being updated.
[Joshua J. McElwee is NCR Vatican correspondent. His email
address is jmcelwee@ncronline.org. Follow him on Twitter: @joshjmac.]
